| Glossary of Terms
**********************************A************************************ Air-dried Lumber: Lumber which has been left to dry down to a point in which the moisture content is in equilibrium with the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere. **********************************B************************************ Beam: A structural member supporting a load applied transversely to it. Bearing: Area of structural support, as in a bearing wall, partition, post or beam. Birdsmouth: The cut usually located near the end of tailed rafters. The birdsmouth cut rests on the top of the building exterior wall, on a supporting beam or plate. Blanket Insulation: Insulation in long rolls usually 15” or 23” wide for full-length placement between studs, joist or rafters, usually composed of mineral fiber (Glass wool). Built Up Roof: A roof system where insulation is installed over a finished sub roof (usually 2X6 T&G), which is attached to a structural timber or purlin framework. Bunking: Material used to prevent building materials from direct contact with the ground. Butt Joint: The point at which two logs on the same course join end-to-end. **********************************C************************************ Casing: Exterior trim around window or door opening. Cants: Cants are produced from green logs. The logs are stripped of bark and sawed into 4-sided timbers. The cants are then used to make dimensional lumber, logs or log siding. Caulking: Putty like mastic material used to fill and seal cracks and crevices. Usually applied in a color that matches the wood so that it is not prominent when viewed from a distance. Chase: Raceway. Channel in building to carry electrical or mechanical lines. Checking: Cracks in wood, naturally present due to the drying process. Chinking: The filling used between rows of stacked logs. Most often used in log systems where rows of logs do not bear directly on the row below, but are separated by a space. Traditional chinking is mortar-based. Modern synthetic chinking, manufactured to look like traditional chinking, is similar to caulk but with greater density, flexibility and durability. Corner Configurations: There are several corner configurations available from Lincoln Logs. They Include:
Course Log: All of the logs located at any particular height within the log wall, i.e. 1st course, 2nd course, 3rd course, etc. Crawl Space: Area under a home of sufficient depth to allow a person to repair or maintain systems. **********************************D************************************ Decay Resistance: The ability of wood to resist the effects of exposure to air, water and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight. The different species of wood vary in their resistance. However, none is completely decay-proof. Decking or Sheathing: Sub-floor material such as plywood, particle-board, O.S.B. 2X6 Tongue and Groove, which are applied directly to floor support members. Door Buck: Framed rough opening for a door. The material to do such. Drawknife: The tool consisting of a sharp blade set between two handles. Users pull the blade toward their bodies along the log or timber’s surface to peel bark or wood. Drip Cap: A metal or wood molding or flashing placed over a window or door to enable the water to run off the top of the unit. **********************************E************************************ Eave: The edge of a roof over hanging the wall. **********************************F************************************ Fascia: A flat board used to cover rafter/truss ends at the eaves of the roof. Fasteners: Hardware used to secure logs and timbers. Types of fasteners include screws, spikes, wooden pegs, through-bolts and metal brackets. Foam Gasket: A compressible foam material that is typically water resistant, used between logs and other building components to prevent air and water infiltration. Tongue and groove log systems use foam gaskets to seal the joint between adjacent rows of logs. Footing: The sub-grade portion of foundation that the foundation walls set on. Foundation: The vertical structure which supports the first-floor construction and which is partially located below grade. **********************************G************************************ Gable: The pitched portion of the home located above the eave section. Girder: Beam which supports concentrated loads, such as a girder supporting floor joist or trusses. Grading: The inspection and marking of wood to determine its acceptability for use. Goesinta: The log that goes into the notch created by the passby log. Green Logs: Logs that are used within a short period of time from harvest to milling. Green Wood: Wood fiber saturation moisture content of 28 percent or above is considered green wood. **********************************H************************************ Hand-peeled: The process of removing the bark and outer layer of a log. Usually done using a drawknife or machined to achieve a hand-peeled look. Header: A beam used as a connection between joists and rafters. The purpose of the header is to allow room for a fireplace; stairway, etc. **********************************I************************************ Insulated log wall: A wall system consisting of conventionally framed or structural insulated panel core. While insulated log walls have the appearance of solid log, they have a substantially higher R-value. Insulation: The protecting of a structure from heat loss by filling wall, roof and floor voids with materials which retard heat flow. **********************************J************************************ Jamb: The side, head, and sill lining of any window, door, or other opening. Joist: The structural members which support the floor and ceiling loads. **********************************K************************************ Kerf: The width of cut made by a saw blade. Kiln Dried-logs: Forced dried in buildings called kilns. Logs are subjected to heat and humidity conditions to artificially dry the log. Knee Wall: Low wall resulting from a 1 ½ story construction, split level homes, crawl space walls, short walls in attic room construction and others. **********************************L************************************ Lally Column: Support column or spot footings, interior footings for support. Lintel: Horizontal support member in framing over a door or window opening; also called a “header”. Load-Bearing Wall: A wall that supports its weight located above it. Log Grading: Evaluation of logs according to specific standards developed to ensure safe and sound construction. All logs are inspected and graded in accordance with standards set forth by Timber Products Inspection, Inc. (TPI). TPI is recognized and accepted by all three of the National Building Codes and the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The TPI grade-stamp is located on every log between the tongues. Logs are graded for structural properties and appearance; and are cut on site (header and log walls). Log Package: A log package contains the materials and support services that provide the log wall system, roof system, windows and doors, etc. Log Profile: The cross-sectional shape of a log. There are a variety of milled profiles such as D log, Round-round, Weatherbloc 4” bevel, 12” Square. 8” Square, Swedish Cope, Cabin D. Log Shell: Describes the basic structure of a log homes outer structure that includes the sub-floor system, log wall system, second-story floor system and roof system. Log Siding: Milled from dimensional lumber that is given a log appearance. Low-e glass: Low-emission glass (low-e) is a clear glass that has a microscopically thin coating of metal oxide. This coating allows the sun’s heat and light to pass through the glass. It also blocks the heat from leaving a room reducing heat loss. **********************************M************************************ Milled logs: Logs that are milled or cut by a machine to a uniform diameters as well as style. Moisture Content: The amount of water contained within wood, most commonly as the percentage weight of water relative to the over-dry weight of the wood. Water contained within the wood may be ‘free water’ found between wood cells or ‘bound water’ found within the cell walls. Drying of wood does not result in significant shrinkage until all free water has been removed. The point at which no free water remains and shrinkage begins is known as the fiber saturation point (FSP), which occurs at about 28 percent moisture content. **********************************N************************************ Non-bearing Wall: A wall which supports its own weight only. **********************************O************************************ On-center: The usual measurement for spacing studs, rafters, floor joists, etc. It is the measurement from the center of one member to the center of the next. O.S.B. (Oriented Strand Board): An APA rated structural panel replacement for plywood which usually outperforms plywood of the same dimensions. **********************************P************************************ Piling: A pier or wood column used to support a home; usually, sunk in the ground. Pitch: The slope of a roof; rise over run. A pitch of 6 means that the roof projects up 6 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. Plate: A horizontal member which supports other members; dormer plate, sill plate, etc. Plumb: A member or unit which is exactly vertical. A door should be hung plumb. Pre-cut Logs: Logs that have been cut at the manufacture. Preservative: A chemical compound applied as a liquid, which is used to help prevent rot and/or insect damage to wood. Sometimes, but not necessarily a stain. **********************************R************************************ Rafter: A structural member used to support the roof; the roofing is nailed directly to the top of the rafters. Ridge: The top junction of two sloping surfaces. Ridge Vent: A roof ridge louver system to promote attic ventilation. Roof Truss: A triangular assembly made with 2X4 or other dimension lumber for top and bottom chords and webs. Members are joined with toothed metal connector plates pressed onto both sides of the joints. Trusses are made in a wide variety of “standard” and “custom” configurations for support of roofs. They are custom-computer engineered for all span and load factors for each building. R-Value: A measurement of a material’s resistance to the flow of heat. R-value is a laboratory measurement based on the constant temperatures on both sides of a material. However, it does not reflect the fluctuating conditions that face the insulating materials in actual use, nor does it include the effect of thermal mass on energy efficiency. **********************************S************************************ Scribing: Shaping of wood member to provide for fitting one of its surfaces to irregular surface of another. Sealant: The soft, pliable material used to seal the area between individual log courses. This material can expand or contract as conditions dictate and retain its elasticity to bond. Shim: Wood to metal used to level or plumb. **********************************T************************************ Thermo-Home: Exterior walls are panelized 2X6 wall framing 16” on center with 7/16” OSB sheathing applied. Standard wall height is 8’ 1 ¼ “. Insulation consists of one layer of 4” and one layer of 1” Expanded Polystyrene (R-28). Log siding is provided for all exterior walls and 1X9 T&G pine provided for inside walls. Toe-nailing: Drive a nail at an angle through one wood member into another. Tongue & Groove: Panel or board in which one is cut with projecting tongue to fit into corresponding groove in edge of next member. **********************************W************************************ Window Buck: Framed rough opening for a window, the material to do such. Note: The Leelanau Log Home Company LLC, its owners or partners do not formally recommend or represent any of the individuals, businesses/companies, websites, products offered in this website. By using this website you acknowledge your understanding of this representation. The Leelanau Log Home Company LLC |